ACL Tear View Video An ACL tear most often occurs during sporting activities when an athlete suddenly pivots causing excessive rotational forces on the ligament. Severe trauma and work injuries are other mechanisms that can cause an ACL tear. Individuals who experience ACL tears usually describe a feeling of the joint giving out, or buckling--patients also often say they hear a "pop." Signs you may have sustained an ACL tear: · Sudden giving way of the knee · Hearing a 'pop' at the time of injury · Sudden swelling of the knee joint · Pain in the knee when walking View Handout Top of Page

Ankle Sprain View Video A sprained ankle is a very common injury. Approximately 25,000 people experience it each day. A sprained ankle can happen to athletes and non-athletes, children and adults. It can happen when you take part in sports and physical fitness activities. It can also happen when you simply step on an uneven surface, or step down at an angle. The ankle bones and joints are held in position by the ankle ligaments. These ligaments protect the ankle joint from abnormal movements-especially twisting, turning, and rolling of the foot. A ligament is an elastic structure. Ligaments usually stretch within their limits, and then go back to their normal positions. a sprain occurs when a ligament is forced to stretch beyond its normal range. A severe sprain causes actual tearing of the elastic fibers. View Handout Top of Page

Knee Arthritis View Video The three basic types of arthritis that may affect the knee joint are: Osteoarthritis The most common form of knee arthritis is Osteoarthritis (OA). OA is usually a slowly progressive degenerative disease in which the joint cartilage gradually wears away. Middle-aged and older people are most often affected by OA. Rheumatoid Arthritis Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory type of arthritis that can destroy the joint cartilage. RA generally affects both knees and can occur at any age. Post-traumatic Arthritis After an injury to the knee, post-traumatic arthritis can develop. This type of arthritis is similar to osteoarthritis and may develop years after a fracture, ligament injury, or meniscus tear. View Handout Top of Page

MCL Tear View Video The medial collateral ligament (MCL) is a broad, thick band that runs down the inner part of the knee, from the femur (thighbone) to about four to six inches from the top of the tibia (shinbone).The MCL's primary function is to prevent the leg from over-extending inward, but it also is part of the mechanism that stabilizes the knee and allows it to rotate. View Handout Top of Page

Meniscal Tear View Video A common injured structure in the knee is the meniscus. Any age group can have this type of injury. The meniscus is fairly tough and rubbery, and tears usually occur as a result of a forceful twisting injury, in younger people. The meniscus grows weaker with age, and meniscal tears can occur in aging adults as the result of fairly minor injuries, even from the up-and-down motion of squatting. View Handout Top of Page

Metatarsalgia View Video A condition marked by pain and inflammation in the ball of your foot. Runners and other athletes who participate in high-impact sports are more frequently affected by Metatarsalgia. That's because excessive amounts of running or jumping put extra stress on the metatarsals — the long bones located in the front part of your feet just below your toes. People with certain foot shapes that create more stress on the metatarsal bones also may have these problems. Metatarsalgia can sideline you although generally not serious. Fortunately, conservative treatments such as ice and rest can often relieve symptoms. And proper footwear, along with shock-absorbing insoles or arch supports, may be all you need to prevent or minimize future problems. View Handout Top of Page

Osteoarthritis View Video The most common form of arthritis is osteoarthritis, sometimes called degenerative joint disease or osteoarthrosis. When cartilage in your joints wears down over time Osteoarthritis occurs. Though it most commonly affects joints in your hands, hips, knees and spine Osteoarthritis can affect any joint in your body. Several joints can be affected such as with finger arthritis, although typically Osteoarthritis affects just one joint. No cure exists for Osteoarthritis and gradually worsens with time. But osteoarthritis treatments can relieve pain and help you remain active. Taking steps to actively manage your osteoarthritis may help you gain control over your osteoarthritis pain. View Handout Top of Page

Carpal Tunnel View Video Some people might think that carpal tunnel syndrome is a new condition of the information technology age, born from long hours of computer keyboarding. But carpal tunnel syndrome isn't new. Dating back to the beginning of the 20th century, evidence of people experiencing signs and symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome occur in medical records. The carpal tunnel is a narrow passageway about as big around as your thumb bounded by bones and ligaments — located on the palm side of your wrist. A main nerve to your hand and nine tendons that bend your fingers are protected by the Carpal Tunnel. Pressure placed on the nerve produces the numbness, pain and, eventually, hand weakness that characterize carpal tunnel syndrome. Fortunately, proper treatment usually can relieve the pain and numbness for most people who develop carpal tunnel syndrome, and restore normal use of the wrists and hands. View Handout Top of Page

De Quervain's Disease View Video De Quervain's disease is a painful inflammation of the tendons that control the thumb. The swollen tendons and their coverings cause friction within the narrow tunnel, or sheath, through which they pass. The result is pain on the thumb side of the wrist joint. De Quervain's disease is one of the most common types of tendon-lining inflammation View Handout Top of Page

Ganglion Cysts View Video Ganglion cysts are noncancerous fluid-filled lumps (cysts) that most commonly develop along the tendons or joints of your wrists or hands, and may also appear in your feet. The exact cause of a ganglion cyst is unknown and may develop suddenly or gradually over time. Ganglion cysts will cause you no pain and require no treatment, in most cases. Often, they go away on their own. When treatment for ganglion cysts is needed it usually consists of removing the fluid from the ganglion cyst or surgically removing the cyst due to pain or interference with joint movement or for cosmetic concerns. View Handout Top of Page

Osteoarthritis View Video The most common form of arthritis is osteoarthritis, sometimes called degenerative joint disease or osteoarthrosis. When cartilage in your joints wears down over time Osteoarthritis occurs. Though it most commonly affects joints in your hands, hips, knees and spine Osteoarthritis can affect any joint in your body. Several joints can be affected such as with finger arthritis, although typically Osteoarthritis affects just one joint. No cure exists for Osteoarthritis and gradually worsens with time. But osteoarthritis treatments can relieve pain and help you remain active. Taking steps to actively manage your osteoarthritis may help you gain control over your osteoarthritis pain. View Handout Top of Page

Trigger Finger View Video Trigger finger is a condition in which one of your fingers or your thumb catches in a bent position. Like a trigger being pulled and released your finger or thumb may straighten with a snap. Your finger may become locked in a bent position as well if the condition is severe. Trigger finger is caused by a narrowing of the sheath that surrounds the tendon in the affected finger and is often painful. People are more susceptible whose work or hobbies require repetitive gripping actions. Trigger finger is also more common in women than in men, and in anyone with diabetes. Treatment varies depending on the severity of trigger finger, also known as stenosing tenosynovitis. View Handout Top of Page

Wrist Fracture View Video A wrist fracture is a break in one or more of the bones in the wrist. Two bones in the forearm (radius and ulna) and eight carpal bones make the wrist. The two most common wrist fractures are: Colles' fracture—a break near the end of the radius This fracture is common in older people. It is much less common in children and teens. Scaphoid fracture—a break in the scaphoid (a bone on the thumb side of the wrist where it meets the radius) This fracture is most common in young, active people. The scaphoid bone is also sometimes called the navicular. View Handout Top of Page

Osteoarthritis View Video The most common form of arthritis is osteoarthritis, sometimes called degenerative joint disease or osteoarthrosis. When cartilage in your joints wears down over time Osteoarthritis occurs. Though it most commonly affects joints in your hands, hips, knees and spine Osteoarthritis can affect any joint in your body. Several joints can be affected such as with finger arthritis, although typically Osteoarthritis affects just one joint. No cure exists for Osteoarthritis and gradually worsens with time. But osteoarthritis treatments can relieve pain and help you remain active. Taking steps to actively manage your osteoarthritis may help you gain control over your osteoarthritis pain. View Handout Top of Page

Hip Pain View Video Fractures and insufficient blood flow to the hip (aseptic necrosis) are two possible causes of hip pain. Hip fractures become more common as people age because falls are more likely and bones become less dense. People with osteoporosis can get a fracture from simple, everyday activities, not just a dramatic fall or injury. If you have been on steroids for a long time or you have sickle cell anemia aseptic necrosis can happen. Increased risk includes regular use of alcohol and injury. Legg-Calve-Perthes disease is a type of aseptic necrosis that happens in children. View Handout Top of Page

Scoliosis View Video An abnormal curvature of the spine is known as Scoliosis. The view from behind may reveal one or more abnormal curves if your child has scoliosis. Scoliosis runs in families, but doctors often don't know the cause. More girls than boys have severe scoliosis. A worsening of a condition that began in childhood, but wasn't diagnosed or treated is known as Adult Scoliosis. Scoliosis may result from a degenerative joint condition in the spine. A brace, surgery or both may be required for children with a more severe curve that continues to increase. Fortunately, most cases of scoliosis don't get worse, and periodic checkups may be all your child needs. View Handout Top of Page

Low Back Sprain View Video The most common causes of low back pain are Lumbar (lower back) muscle strains and sprains. The back is prone to this strain because of its weight-bearing function and involvement in moving, twisting and bending. Lumbar muscle strain is caused when muscle fibers are abnormally stretched or torn. Lumbar sprain is caused when ligaments, the tough bands of tissue that hold bones together, are torn from their attachments. Both of these can result from a sudden injury or from gradual overuse. When the lumbar spine is strained or sprained, the soft tissues become inflamed. This inflammation causes pain and may cause muscle spasms. Lumbar strain or sprain can be very debilitating. View Handout Top of Page

Lumbar Disc Disease View Video The drying out of the spongy interior matrix of an intervertebral disc in the spine is known as Lumbar disc disease. To encompass several different causes of back pain or sciatica many physicians and patients use the term lumbar disc disease. About one-third of all back pain is thought to be caused by lumbar disc disease. View Handout Top of Page

Low Back Pain View Video The most common causes of low back pain are Lumbar (lower back) muscle strains and sprains. The back is prone to this strain because of its weight-bearing function and involvement in moving, twisting and bending. Lumbar muscle strain is caused when muscle fibers are abnormally stretched or torn. Lumbar sprain is caused when ligaments, the tough bands of tissue that hold bones together, are torn from their attachments. Both of these can result from a sudden injury or from gradual overuse. When the lumbar spine is strained or sprained, the soft tissues become inflamed. This inflammation causes pain and may cause muscle spasms. Lumbar strain or sprain can be very debilitating. View Handout Top of Page

Rotator Cuff Injury View Video Any type of irritation or damage to your rotator cuff muscles or tendons is considered a rotator cuff injury. Falling, lifting and repetitive arm activities — especially those done overhead, such as throwing a baseball or placing items on overhead shelves are common causes of a rotator cuff injury. Most of the time, a rotator cuff injury heal on its own with self-care measures or exercise therapy. View Handout Top of Page

Impingement Syndrome View Video Often seen in aging adults, impingement syndrome is a common condition affecting the shoulder. Shoulder bursitis and rotator cuff tendonitis is closely related to this condition. These conditions may occur alone or in combination. In virtually all parts of your body, bones are the innermost structures and are surrounded by muscles. Swelling is the response when an injury occurs to the rotator cuff muscles. However, when they swell, a series of other events occur because the rotator cuff muscles are surrounded by bone. The pressure within the muscles increases, which results in compression and loss of blood flow in the small blood vessels. The muscle tissue begins to fray like a rope, when the blood flow decreases. For example, motions such as reaching up behind the back and reaching up overhead to put on a coat or blouse may cause pain. View Handout Top of Page

Rotator Cuff Tear View Video "Impingement," "bursitis," or "biceps tendinitis" are also known as rotator cuff tendinitis. These are all different names for the same process. They mean that there is pain and swelling of the cuff tendons and the surrounding bursa. The bursa is a soft sack that contains a small amount of fluid and cushions the joint. View Handout Top of Page

Dislocated Shoulder View Video Your body's most mobile joints are your shoulders. But the ability to move in many directions can leave your shoulders prone to injury. A dislocated shoulder is an injury in which your upper arm bone pops out of the cup-shaped socket that's part of your shoulder blade. A dislocated shoulder is a more extensive injury than a separated shoulder, which involves damage to ligaments of the joint where the top of your shoulder blade meets the end of your collarbone. If you suspect a dislocated shoulder, seek prompt medical attention. Most people regain full shoulder function within a few weeks after experiencing a dislocated shoulder. However, once you've had a dislocated shoulder your joint may become unstable and be prone to repeat dislocations. View Handout Top of Page

Tennis Elbow View Video One of several overuse injuries that can affect your elbow is known as tennis elbow (lateral epicondylitis). Many other common activities can cause tennis elbow, but as you might guess, playing tennis is one cause of tennis elbow, too. The pain of tennis elbow occurs primarily where the tendons of your forearm muscles attach to the bony prominence on the outside of your elbow (lateral epicondyle). Pain can also spread into your forearm and wrist. Tennis elbow is similar to golfer's elbow. But rather than pain on the outside of your elbow, golfer's elbow occurs on the inside of the elbow. The pain of tennis elbow doesn't have to keep you from enjoying your favorite activities. Rest and over-the-counter pain relievers often help. Rarely, surgery is an option. View Handout Top of Page

Cubital Tunnel Syndrome View Video Weakness of the muscles in the hand including pain in the hand and the little and ring fingers are common symptoms of cubital tunnel syndrome. These muscles, called the intrinsic muscles of the hand, help with finger movements and grip strength. More severe cases of cubital tunnel syndrome may also lead to weakness of muscles in the forearm. View Handout Top of Page

Ankle Sprain View Video A sprained ankle is a very common injury. Approximately 25,000 people experience it each day. A sprained ankle can happen to athletes and non-athletes, children and adults. It can happen when you take part in sports and physical fitness activities. It can also happen when you simply step on an uneven surface, or step down at an angle. The ankle bones and joints are held in position by the ankle ligaments. These ligaments protect the ankle joint from abnormal movements-especially twisting, turning, and rolling of the foot. A ligament is an elastic structure. Ligaments usually stretch within their limits, and then go back to their normal positions. a sprain occurs when a ligament is forced to stretch beyond its normal range. A severe sprain causes actual tearing of the elastic fibers. View Handout Top of Page

Low Back Sprain View Video The most common causes of low back pain are Lumbar (lower back) muscle strains and sprains. The back is prone to this strain because of its weight-bearing function and involvement in moving, twisting and bending. Lumbar muscle strain is caused when muscle fibers are abnormally stretched or torn. Lumbar sprain is caused when ligaments, the tough bands of tissue that hold bones together, are torn from their attachments. Both of these can result from a sudden injury or from gradual overuse. When the lumbar spine is strained or sprained, the soft tissues become inflamed. This inflammation causes pain and may cause muscle spasms. Lumbar strain or sprain can be very debilitating. View Handout Top of Page

Bone Fracture View Video A medical condition in which a bone is cracked or broken is called a bone fracture and is sometimes abbreviated as # or Fx or Fx. Bone fractures can occur as a result of certain medical conditions that weaken the bones, such as osteoporosis, certain types of cancer or osteogenesis imperfecta, while many fractures are the result of high force impact or stress. Although the word break is not part of formal orthopaedic terminology many fractures are commonly referred to as bone breaks. View Handout Top of Page

Wrist Fracture View Video A wrist fracture is a break in one or more of the bones in the wrist. Two bones in the forearm (radius and ulna) and eight carpal bones make the wrist. The two most common wrist fractures are: Colles' fracture—a break near the end of the radius This fracture is common in older people. It is much less common in children and teens. Scaphoid fracture—a break in the scaphoid (a bone on the thumb side of the wrist where it meets the radius) This fracture is most common in young, active people. The scaphoid bone is also sometimes called the navicular. View Handout Top of Page